IPODR Data Sources

The Vital Statistics/Patient Discharge Data linked file

IPODR Information Available At The ZIP Code Level

Additional web-based sources for perinatal outcomes and planning

IPODR consists of a customized file derived from three different data sources:

1. the California Birth/Death Vital Statistics (VS) published by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH);

2. the Patient Discharge Data (PDD) published by the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD).

3. geographic boundary files from the Tele Atlas Corporation.

Under a contract supported by OSHPD, the first two of these data sources are also available from OSHPD in linked form as VS/PDD. This combined data source allows the generation of crosstabulations of PDD and VS variables. It is the latter data source that was used to derive the IPODR data.

Besides the tabulations included in the county reports, IPODR includes many additional variables that can be tabulated at the ZIP code level. This section explains some of the structure of the files that IPODR is based on. It also gives an overview over the additional items available.

The Vital Statistics/Patient Discharge Data (VS/PDD) linked file

All data items are based on the VS/PDD linked file.

Starting in 2005, IPODR is based on the VS/PDD linked file that can be obtained from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. The vital statistics data portion of this linked file consists of all live births and stillbirths that occurred in California during a given year.

The idea of a VS/PDD linked file goes back to late 1990s. Motivated by the additional morbidity measures that can be obtained from the PDD, methodologies for linking the two files based on common information were developed. These methodologies are documented in The Summary of Linkage Methodology, Steps, and Summary Result Files. For a rigorous statictical analysis of the linkage results, please see Probabilistic Linkage Results on the Health Information Solutions website.

The Vital Statistics Branch of the California Department of Public Health publishes several files that include information on births in California. The Vital Statistics Birth Master File includes information on all live births that occurred in California in a given year. The Vital Statistics Fetal Death Master File includes all information on stillbirths at 20 weeks of gestation or later that occurred in California in a given year. The Birth Cohort File (BCF) contains one record for each individual birth (live births and stillbirths) in California occurring during a given calendar year, with relevant death information for deaths that occurred within 1 year of birth linked to the appropriate birth. The BCF is the preferred choice among these files as it also allows the analysis of mortality outcomes. However, as birth information needs to be matched up with death information, there is a necessary lag between the current year and the most recent year for which such information has been linked.

For this reason, for those years for which the BCF is available, the PDD is linked to it. For the most recent year for which birth information is available that has not yet been linked to death information, the PDD is linked to the Vital Statistics Birth Master File, Vital Statistics Death Master File, and Vital Statistics Fetal Death Master File.

IPODR Information Available at the ZIP Code Level

For IPODR, special data sets derived from the VS/PDD files are generated. These files allow the generation of information aggregated at the county and/or ZIP code level of the following items:

Demographic Variables

Maternal age (10 to 14, 15 to 17, 18 to 19, 20 to 34, 35 to 39, 40 or older)

Maternal education (at least 12 years of education completed, less than 12 years of education)

Paternal education (at least 12 years of education completed, less than 12 years of education)

Mother's place of birth (US, Mexico, elsewhere)

Maternal race/ethnicity (Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Other Race)

Maternal race/ethnicity (Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White including Other and Unknown race, Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Other Race)

Payer source for labor & delivery (MediCal, Private Insurance, Managed Care, Self Pay, Other, Unknown)

Payer source for prenatal care (MediCal, Private Insurance, Managed Care, Self Pay, Other, Unknown)

Payer source for prenatal care CPS (VS)

Pregnancy History

Birth interval (<24 months, ≥24 months)

Short birth interval (<12 months, ≥12 months)

Previous late terminations (None, 1, 2 or more)

Parity after birth (1, 2 to 5, 6 or higher)

Prenatal Care

No prenatal care received

Kotelchuck's APNCU index (inadequate, intermediate, adequate, adequate plus)

Start of prenatal care after the first trimester (Yes, No)

Trimester of onset of prenatal care (1st, 2nd, 3rd, no prenatal care)

Received PNC service (inadequate, intermediate, adequate, adequate plus)

Number of prenatal visits (under 5, 5 to 8, 9 or more)

Pregnancy Complications

Chronic hypertension (PDD), maternal ICD-9-CM codes: 642.0, 642.1, 642.2, 642.7

Maternal pregnancy complication: diabetes (VS)

Diabetes (PDD), maternal ICD-9-CM codes: 250, 648.0

Abnormal presentation (based on PDD), Maternal ICD-9-CM codes: 660.0, 652.0, 652.1, 652.3, 652.4, 652.5, 652.6, 652.7, 652.8, 652.9, 652.2, 669.6

Breech presentation (VS)

Maternal pregancy complication: cardiac (VS)

Maternal pregnancy complication: hypertension (VS)

Any labor & delivery maternal complication (VS)

Pre-eclampsia (PDD), maternal ICD-9-CM code: 642.5

Eclampsia (PDD), maternal ICD-9-CM code: 642.6

Any maternal pregnancy complication

Delivery

Cesarean section delivery (Yes, No)

Type of Cesarean section delivery (Primary, Repeat)

Vaginal birth after Cesarean (Yes, No)

Plurality of birth (single, multiple)

Sex of child (Male, Female)

Outcomes

Birth weight (under 1,000 grams, 1000 to 1,499 grams, 1,500 to 1,999 grams, 2,000 to 2,500 grams, 2,500 grams or more)

Low birth weight (birth weight <2,500 grams)

Very low birth weight birth (<1,500 grams)

Maturity of baby at birth (under 38 completed weeks, 38 to 41 completed weeks, 42 or more completed weeks)

Preterm delivery (delivery at less than 32 completed weeks, delivery at 32 to 36 completed weeks, delivery after 36 completed weeks)

Fetal death

Infant death

Neonatal death

Postneonatal death

Perinatal II death

Perinatal death

Fetal distress (VS)

Infant long length of stay (>5 days until home discharge, ≤5 days until home discharge)

Infant diagnosis related group (DRG)

Infant normal DRG (normal neonate, non-normal neonate)

Infant transfers immediately after birth

Maternal transfers immediately after birth

Infant re-admissions within 28 days of birth (excluding any transfers after birth)

Maternal postnatal re-admissions within 30 days of delivery (excluding any transfers after delivery)

Congenital Anomalies

Chromosomal anomalies (VS)

Chromosomal anomalies (PDD), infant ICD-9CM code: 758, 759

Cleft palate (VS)

Cleft palate (PDD), infant ICD-9-CM code: 749

Central nervous system disorder (PDD), infant ICD-9-CM codes: 740, 741, 742

Heart anomalies (PDD), infant ICD-9-CM codes: 745, 746, 747

Anomalies of digestive system (PDD), infant ICD-9-CM codes: 750, 751

Anomalies of urinary or genital system (PDD), infant ICD-9-CM codes: 752, 753

Anomalies of heart (VS)

Any newborn complication (VS)

Microcephalus (VS)

Multiple abnormalities

Anomaly of neural system

Anomalies of respiratory system (PDD), infant ICD-9-CM code: 748

Additional web-based sources for perinatal outcomes and planning

The California Perinatal Profiles site is an effort that is complementary to IPODR. It provides both public - state and regional information - as well as confidential - hospital specific - information with the goal of providing data to all the maternity hospitals in California for the purpose of continuous quality improvement. The public site includes state and regional reports, information on how to use data for quality improvement as well as samples of what is available on the confidential, hospital specific site.

The Family Health Outcomes Project is a cooperative effort of the Department of Family and Community Medicine and the Institute for Health Policy Studies at the University of California, San Francisco. Its mission is to improve the health of children and their families and communities by supporting development and implementation of comprehensive community assessment and planning, data-driven policies, evidence based interventions, and effective evaluation strategies.